On the indissoluble bond between the meteorite and Chinese classical culture

Hey, also known as research, and pen, ink, paper and become the four treasures of the study. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xi’s "Release Name" was explained in the book: 砚, 研也, 研墨使和濡 also. "Said the text" cloud: stone slippery, the word is seen from the stone. As early as in the Yangshao culture of the Neolithic Age, the prototype of Fujian and Taiwan has already appeared. In the Tang Dynasty, the system used 砚 to reach its peak, and there were four famous names of 端, 歙, 洮, and 红丝. As the red silk worms slowly disappeared, the end of the Duanxi River in Guangdong, the hustle and bustle of Anhui Province, the Caohe River in the south of Gansu Province, and the Cheng Muyu in Luoyang, Henan Province were eventually called the “Four Famous Names” of China. As one of the four treasures of the study, 砚 is an essential utensil for the ancient literati. Therefore, the meteorite culture has also been passed down with the long-standing Chinese culture.

Regarding the origin of meteorites, Su Yijian of the Song Dynasty wrote "The Four Books of the Wenfang", in which "The Genealogy" records the origin of Fujian and Taiwan: the Yellow Emperor had a jade, and the rule was Mohai. On the other hand, the article "The Emperor's Hungry." Also, "Tai Gong Jin Shu" 砚 砚 曰: "Graphite is the same and black, evil heart rumors, no pollution." Archaeologists have unearthed a stone grinding disc at the Yangshao Cultural Site, which was used to grind paint when people painted it. There are still traces of grinding and residual pigments in the plate. This stone plate is considered to be the most primitive. The earliest shape was the grinder. A combination of stone grinding, grinding rods, pottery cups and pigments was unearthed in the second phase of the Jiangzhai site in Linyi, Shaanxi. It is a complete set of painting tools. It is about 5,000 years old. . Until the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "study" of the real thing has been basically replaced by 砚, although the 砚 此时 此时 还 还 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚 砚The culture of the Tang Dynasty is developed, and the scale of quarrying and stone-making is also very large. The variety of oysters is very diverse, and the shape is particularly spectacular, resulting in many good products. During the Song and Liao period, China's porcelain industry flourished and produced a wide variety of porcelain enamels. For example, the shadow celadon enamel in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Longquan porcelain enamel, and the kiln black porcelain enamel are all good. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shijie pays more attention to texture and craftsmanship, making elaborate productions, and constantly introducing new varieties. For example, Yunnan, which is comparable to the end, is produced in the Tongzhi period of the late Qing Dynasty.

As a carrier of human culture, 砚 ​​is a cultural product and a materialized form of culture. The beauty of the mountains and rivers of Huaxia Dadi is destined to breed a lot of scholars and literati, that is, the ink passengers, they must be inseparable. The prosperity of the development of the meteorite is indeed inseparable from the literati. It’s always been the pursuit of many literati, and the good side is often regarded as the treasure of many literati. The poets of the Tang Dynasty came forth in large numbers, and there were countless talents. The development of Fujian and Taiwan also reached its peak. It was in the Tang Dynasty that there were four famous names in the world. The great poets do not care about their own pen and ink, and they are arrogant or lyrical or ambiguous. "The emperor is not a ship, and the self-proclaimed minister is a wine-scented fairy." Li Bai has left many classic poems to borrow, whether it is a long song or a sorrow. Li Bai once heard the pardoning impromptu on his way to the night of the night, "From Hanyang disease, returning to Wangmingfu", leaving "going to the left to move to the Yelang Road, the glass is long and dry. This year, Wushan Yang, Xiaolong Pen Han Shenghui." The good sentence. The meaning of the first two sentences is: Last year, on the way to the exile of Yelang, I did not intend to write poetry. The ink in the glass has dried up for a long time. It is worth mentioning that Liuli is a very precious item in the Tang Dynasty. The production process is very complicated, and the glass enamel is even more valuable. In addition to the poetry of Li Bai, the poetry of the Du Fu and the poet Li He also have the poems of the lyrics. The poet Li He once made "Yang Shengqing Hua Zi Shi Yangge" which is a detailed description of the purple and blue pattern of the top of the four famous monks. This piece of stone is solid and delicate, and the ink is not damaged. Conducive to writing, and beautiful, carved, and the metaphor is perfect. In addition, this poem writes about the difficulty of quarrying, but also involves enamel, ochre, scorpion, scorpion, scorpion, and korea. Poetry: "Duanzhou stoneworker is as good as God, stepping on the knife and cutting the purple cloud. The maids hold the water full of lips, and secretly smash the cold blood marks. The gauze warms the ink spring, and the sputum floats loose. Dry and thin, heavy and even feet, a few inches of light and no faintness in the autumn. The circle is a little bit of a sound and quiet, and Kong Yukuan is stubborn and stubborn." The humanistic feelings seen in the poems of the Tang Dynasty can be seen in the promotion of literature. .

In the Tang Dynasty, the poets came forth in large numbers, and the literati and the literati were even more friends. As a treasure of the study, 砚 is certainly favored by the literati, and even poets do not hesitate to spend a lot of money to pursue a good downfall. In addition, the good stage of the party also makes the literati cool. Therefore, 砚 ​​has played a positive role in the direction of culture. Zhang Shaochuan once made a very high evaluation of the meteorite in "Shi Yi Fu": "The salesmanship is good, the good gold is better than the other; the non-phosphorus is not the best, the beautiful jade is not enough. The light bird is in the green, the hair Turtle Wen Yu Hong. It is known that the creation of things, things and benefits. And also 砚 ,, so the study of the wonderful, the poor pen is also fine."

When I arrived in the Song Dynasty, when the literary style was flourishing, the literati style was more gentle and smooth. In the Song Dynasty, there was a style of heavy literary and light martial arts. The social status of the scholar-officials was greatly improved. Therefore, the Song Dynasty was a period of vigorous development. Social changes and development have greatly increased the demand for cockroaches, the use of cockroaches has become more popular, and the production process of cockroaches has become increasingly mature. The famous names of the pits have been continuously explored and produced, forming the four names of “end, 歙, 洮, 澄”.砚", Caohejing is more famous as a Gongga. In the Song Dynasty, Shijie had replaced the Tao of the Tang Dynasty and became the main species. The development and high grade of the "Four Famous Names" has been recognized by the literati doctors. Due to its rich and varied stone patterns, the constant innovation of the fancy pattern and the elegant and exquisite carving process have set off a national craze. On the influence, he went to the emperor's princes and went down to the untouchables. The literati is even more fond of the "four famous names" and praises them. Su Dongpo praised in the "Kong Yifu Long Mei Yan Ming": "I don't want to leave a pen, slippery and refuse to pen. Guafu and Li Li, Jin Sheng and Yu De."

In addition to using 砚 墨 ink, some literati in the Song Dynasty also liked to appreciate 砚, give gifts, collect 砚 and study 砚. Many people also said that they would summarize and summarize the types, production, performance, and use of the platform, and explore and introduce them in detail. For example, Su Yijian mentioned in the previous article, "The Four Books of the Wenfang". As the saying goes: "The warrior loves the sword, and the literati is good." The literati of the dynasties loved to swear, and the collection was often accompanied by shackles. Therefore, there was a saying that "the literati had a knack, the beauty of the beauty was mirrored, and the most loved one in life." A generation of writer Wu Dongpo, a writer, a painter, a connoisseur, and a collector, has become a singer and has been hailed as a story by Yulin. “Dongpo Play” has become a traditional theme of painting creation. In the article "Duan Yuming", there is "a thousand husbands and sorrows, and a hundred husbands and sorrows. The smoldering of the fire, the singer of the singer. The singer and the sorrow, the old and the new. Who is it like? I am a Wise." . Su Dongpo has a lot of enthusiasm for his life. His implication is profound, and it can reflect the ambition of the integrity of the literati, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Dongpo and his son Sumai visited Shizhongshan, and also sent a party to the son as a gift for parting, and encouraged him to be "Mai Ming". Among them are "in this way, often as thirsty; to seek progress, often stunned; to manage the wealth, often think; this book prison, often thinking of life" sentence. Su Dongpo described in this essay that he wants to treat life with a cultural perspective. Pursue the truth, never satisfied. For Shijin, the mind is clear; for wealth, good giving; for life, thinking of compassion. This is the character of Su Dongpo, but also the character of Chinese literati. It is also the humanistic feelings and cultural connotations that 砚 culture should convey to us.

In addition to the use of literati, officials also use ç š, and the other can also reflect the noble quality of righteousness and patriotism. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Bing attacked Kaifeng in the south, and the Song Dynasty went to Linan in the south, calling it the Southern Song Dynasty. At this time, the situation of the confrontation between Song and Jin was formed. During this period, many patriots and patriotic generals were motivated by patriotism and enthusiasm. They advocated resolute resistance and there were many examples of ecstasy. These patriotic generals used to write a lot of poems full of patriotic passion, such as Li Gang, Yue Fei, Lu You, Wen Tianxiang and others. Reflected in the shackles, there are excellent qualities of honesty and honesty, as well as impassioned patriotism. Song Yuyun contains a heavy cultural connotation and lofty personality. In the poems of the famous scholar Li Gang in the Song Dynasty, there are: "The end of the brook is the coffin, the most expensive rock, so you can forget it, a few miles in your life." The famous patriotic poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty, because he advocated resistance to foreign enemies. Insist on regaining lost ground and being repeatedly attacked by surrenders. It is very sorrowful to report to the country without a door. At this time, the friend gave him a party, and he was very grateful to engrave it on the plaque: "The mouth of Duanxi, this beauty. It is both strong and sturdy. It is also moist and zealous, and it does not refuse to pen, slips without ink. What kind of treasure can you get? The old man gave me a very good feeling! Sustained heart, depending on this stone, the son and grandson will never lose." Yue Fei, a famous national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, he engraved on one side: "holding the strong, keeping the white, not Phosphorus, not worthy of eight words.

Whether it is a literati or an official, whether it is a gentle and gentle, or a loyal and honest, there will be a meteorite in a place with culture. As a carrier of classical culture, it has not only included the elegance of the literati, the fortitude of the patriotic generals, but also the embodiment of Chinese civilization and wisdom.

As one of the main carriers of culture, 起源 is closely related to the development of Chinese culture. In the long history of the ancient civilization of China for thousands of years, it has a continuation of the glorious history of our country and the dissemination and exchange of splendid culture. The special role of lightness and importance has made the ancient civilization of the East of China shine on the stage of the world. The invention and use of 砚 promoted the development of classical culture. The invention of 砚 and paper, writing and pen was an important symbol of human civilization and the primary medium for human social exchanges. The “four treasures of the study” promoted the development of science and technology. A kind of power, the function of 砚 has played and made a great contribution to other cultural substances that promote history and promote the development of social civilization. As a vein of Chinese classical culture, 砚 ​​culture is worthy of the development and inheritance of future generations.

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