0. Preface

The anti-mite antibacterial finishing treatment is to treat the fabric with anti-mite anti-bacterial agent, thereby obtaining a processing technology for preventing cockroaches, antibacterial, anti-mildew, deodorizing, and keeping the textile clean and hygienic. Its purpose is not only to keep the fabric clean, but more importantly, to prevent the infectious diseases from ensuring the safety, health and comfort of the human body; to reduce the cross-infection rate of the public environment and to make the fabrics have new functions of health care. Anti-mite and anti-bacterial fabrics can be widely used in people's underwear, sportswear, socks, shoes, diapers; hospital, hotel, family sheets, quilts, blankets, towels, decorative fabrics, carpets, medical and food service industry uniforms As well as the clothing of the troops, it has significant social benefits.

1. Overview of research progress on anti-mite and antibacterial finishing of fabrics at home and abroad

Fabric anti-mite antibacterial finishing technology is a combination of modern medicine, fine chemicals and dyeing and finishing technology. The key issue is how to carry out the molecular structure design and synthesis of antibacterial and anti-caries agent from the chemical aspect; from the medical aspect, the antibacterial effect and safety of the anti-mite anti-bacterial agent should be studied; from the dyeing and finishing, the anti-mite anti-bacterial agent and fiber should be solved. The combination and various fastness, strength, whiteness and breathability.

1.1螨 and its harmfulness〗

The length of the steroid is usually 0.1-0.5mm, and it needs to be seen under the microscope. There are 3 pairs of larvae and 4 pairs of mites. It can spread viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, spirochetes and protozoa. Wait, it poses a serious hazard to human health.

There are many types of mites, and the following are closely related to people:

(1) Dust mites: Many people around the world suffer from dust mites allergies. They are commonly found in home environments such as bedding, carpets, cushions, and clothing. Its optimum living temperature is 20-30 ° C, and the room equipped with air conditioning and carpet is a good environment. Its secretions, diarrhea products and dead worms are strong sources of allergens, causing allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, infant eczema and chronic urticaria. Among them, dust mite asthma is a stubborn disease of the respiratory system, and its incidence is high. It is caused by the inhalation of dust mite metabolites (distracted substances, detached hulls, etc.) suspended in the air. . It is characterized by chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and repeated attacks.

(2) leather mites: it can cause dermatitis, itching, herpes, red papules, intestinal rickets, typhoid, plague, rickettsial disease, spirochetes and viral diseases such as: encephalitis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever.

(3) 恙螨: In the past, Chinese medicine books called satay, which can cause skin rash, local tissue necrosis and strong infectious diseases - tsutsugamushi disease. The pathogen of tsutsugamushi disease is Oriental rickettsia, which is a microorganism between bacteria and virus. The venomous pups choose a place with high humidity and thin skin, and the epithelial tissue is inserted into the oral tissue to absorb the tissue lymph. At the same time, the pathogen is transmitted to the person, the patient continues to have fever, accompanied by lymphadenitis and dark red papules.

(4) Demodex: More than half of the population in most parts of China is affected by it. It can cause hair follicles and sebaceous glands, acne, pustules and carbuncles. After the hair follicles mate in the hair follicles, the cockroaches enter the hair follicles or sebaceous glands to lay eggs and multiply, causing the expansion of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands and even the growth of hypertrophy. The so-called "rosting nose" is the consequence of the vicious and vicious reproduction. At the same time, due to the entry and exit activities of the worm, it is easy to cause purulent bacteria to enter and secondary to hair follicles and sebaceous glands, bloated and other skin diseases. The patient's clothing is an important way of its infection.

(5) 疥螨: It can cause acne (sputum), vesicular rash. The cockroaches mate on the skin surface, and the females drill into the stratum corneum of the skin, excavating the tortuous tunnel, laying 40-50 eggs inside, 3-4 days of egg hatching into larvae, and then entering the hair follicle or puncture the skin to form an anti-channel, 2 - After 3 days, the larvae become larvae and invade the skin, causing allergic reactions due to the toxic effects of the secretions and excretions of the cockroaches, causing the patient to feel itchy, resulting in pustules and acne. The patient's clothing and bed are the way to spread.

2.2 Status quo of anti-mite antibacterial finishing research

There are two methods for producing anti-mite antibacterial fabrics: one is to add anti-mite antibacterial agent to the fiber-forming polymer, and after spinning, it is made into anti-mite antibacterial fiber, and there is no industrial product supply market at present. Now Shandong Julong Chemical Co., Ltd. has developed a highly effective anti-mite antibacterial agent and anti-mite antibacterial masterbatch for polypropylene and polyester fibers. The other is the anti-mite antibacterial finishing method (in the comparative experiment on a large number of antibacterial fibers on the market), the antibacterial durability of the antibacterial cotton fabric of Shandong Julong Chemical Co., Ltd. is obviously better than that of the antibacterial fiber. The reason is analyzed by The antibacterial agent of the fiber core layer cannot migrate to the fiber skin layer and does not have antibacterial effect. However, adding too much antibacterial agent will affect the physical index of the fiber. The best way to solve this problem is to make the antibacterial fiber of the sheath core structure, that is, Excess antibacterial agent is added to the skin layer, and the core layer is ordinary fiber).

There are many previous discussions on fabric hygiene microbiology and fabric antibacterial finishing methods [1][2][3], which are not introduced here, but most of the current commercial antibacterial agents have the following problems:

(1) Antibacterial spectrum problem: Since bacteria, fungi and mold have different cell structures, it is difficult for a single antimicrobial group antibacterial finishing agent to have a broad spectrum of antibacterial action. For example, halogenated diphenyl ethers have poor antibacterial effects on fungi and molds; compounds that rely on quaternary ammonium salts as cationic antibacterial agents have poor antibacterial effects on fungi without negative charges.

(2) Durability problem: One type is that the antibacterial finishing agent itself is not firmly bonded to the fiber, and thus does not have good washing resistance. The other type is a quaternary ammonium salt compound, among which silicone quaternary ammonium salts are more studied. The antibacterial mechanism of the antibacterial finishing agent is that the quaternary ammonium salt cation attracts the negatively charged bacteria and destroys the bacterial cell wall, thereby making it The contents ooze and die. Although the products are resistant to washing with nonionic cationic surfactants, the daily use of detergents is an anionic surfactant, so that the anionic surfactant is combined with the cationic quaternary ammonium salt during washing. Antibacterial fabrics have lost their antibacterial effect, which has been confirmed in a large number of experimental results.

(3) Safety issues: for example: 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether reacts with a chlorine bleach to form a toxic chlorinated derivative, and the antibacterial agent will be heated or exposed to ultraviolet light. The carcinogen tetrachlorodiazine has been banned. Another type of antibacterial agent BCA/747, known as dyeing and finishing technicians in China, is 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazole)-4-phenyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine and α-bromocinnamaldehyde. It was found to be potentially toxic and was banned for use in clothing.

Some inorganic antibacterial agents, such as Hg (mercury), Sn (tin), AS2O3 (pyrazole) and the like. Although it has good antibacterial properties, it has a poor washing fastness and is more serious because it does not have a strong bond with the fabric. It has been explicitly prohibited from being used for textiles. This spring, a Nike T-shirt was banned around the world (including China) for its toxic tin compound TBT.

In the 1980s, people have been engaged in the research of fabric anti-mite and antibacterial finishing. In the 1990s, in Japan, anti-mite antibacterial fabrics achieved industrial production. At the same time, Japanese merchants processed anti-mite anti-bacterial fabrics in the form of anti-mite antibacterial agents in China. Some merchants demanded direct processing of three-piece bedding sets. Antibacterial and anti-mite clothing. In China, Shandong Julong Chemical Co., Ltd. has produced antibacterial agents and anti-mite antibacterial fabrics for mass supply at home and abroad. In 1999 alone, the production of anti-mite antibacterial fabrics reached more than 600,000 meters.

2. Fabric anti-mite finishing experiment

2.1 anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent: 〗

This experiment uses the anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent SC-998 produced by Julong Company, which has high-efficiency broad-spectrum anti-mite antibacterial property, excellent durability and good safety. It is suitable for cotton, wool, silk and its chemical fiber. Anti-mite antibacterial finishing of blended fabrics.

The main component of the antibacterial and anti-mite finishing agent SCJ-998 is a chlorphenirazole-based polymer compound having a pyridylamide structure with a reactive group and a microcapsule mainly composed of a pyrethroid compound. The active group carried on SCJ-998 can form a covalent bond with -OH and -NH- on the fiber, which makes the fabric after antibacterial and anti-mite treatment have excellent washing resistance; the antibacterial group carried by SCJ-998 Acting on the bacterial cell membrane, the cell membrane is deficient, the permeability is increased, and the cytoplasmic leakage inside the cell can also hinder the synthesis of bacterial proteins, resulting in the depletion of the bacterial core protein, leading to bacterial death. The antibacterial group carried by SCJ-998 also selectively acts on the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane, causing the membrane permeability to change, leading to the loss of important substances in the cells and causing the fungus to die. At the same time, SCJ-998 forms an insect-repellent film on the surface of the fabric, which has an efficient and rapid knockdown killing effect on aphids and has a good repellent effect.

The antibacterial and anti-mite finishing agent SCJ-998 is composed of three components of SCJ-998A, SCJ-998B and 998C. SCJ-998A is a colorless transparent liquid, soluble in cold water, pH 6-7; SCJ-998B looks pale yellow liquid, can diffuse in water, pH 7-8; SCJ-998C looks pale yellow transparent liquid , soluble in water, pH 5-6 (10% aqueous solution). Antibacterial and anti-mite finishing agent SCJ-998 is non-flammable, non-explosive, and non-toxic to the human body at the concentration used (use to prevent the original solution from entering the eye and the mouth). The antibacterial finishing agent SCJ-998 has no adverse effect on the whiteness, shade, strength, hand feeling and vapor permeability of the fabric (the intellectual property of this product is protected by national laws).

2.2 Fabric〗

40×40×110×90×230cm cotton bleached flat cloth

42/2×21×86×64×91cm polyester cotton light blue poplin ZK)

2.3 Process recipe: 〗

SCJ-998A3%〗

SCJ-998B3%

SCJ-998C1%ZK)

2.4 Process: 〗

Pretreatment, bleaching and dyeing→ padding anti-mite antibacterial solution (rolling rate 70-75%)→drying (90-100°C)→stretching (150°C×30 seconds)→finished product.

For towels and knitted fabrics, a processing method of dipping, dehydrating, and drying can also be employed. The fabric after antibacterial finishing is soft to the touch, white in appearance, bright in color, and physical indicators conform to national standards.

3. Anti-mite anti-bacterial performance test:

The anti-mite and anti-bacterial effects of this product are from the Health Monitoring Center of the People's Liberation Army, the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, the Institute of Environmental Health and Sanitation Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, the Institute of Dermatology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the National Center for STD Prevention and Treatment, and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The hospital, the Shandong Provincial Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, Qingdao Medical College and other units provide testing. The antibacterial measurement method adopts the improved Qiuinn Test, the washing method adopts the Japanese JISL 027-130 standard, and the insect repellent repellent experiment adopts the following methods:

As shown in the figure, 7 plastic vessels with a diameter of 4cm and a height of 0.6cm were glued to the board, about 3000 aphids were placed in the middle, and 4 plastic vessels around the space were placed at intervals of 4 cm in diameter. The cloth was sampled, and 0.05 g of powdered feed (aphid medium) was uniformly placed on each of the six swatches.

Saturate saline solution in the lower layer of 27×13×8cm food storage box (or dryer), then place the plate in the upper layer of fresh box (or dryer), 25°C±1°C, temperature 75% constant temperature and humidity culture 24 hours. The powdered feed on the sample is then washed out by the saline floating method, then washed and collected, counted, and the repellent rate is calculated according to the following formula.

Repellent rate = 1 × number of mites on the swatch sample / number of mites on the blank swatch × 100%

3.1 flood control performance test: 〗

Due to the limited number of aphids preserved in the locust research units in China, only the dust mites, mites (chicken locusts) and cockroaches (shrimp) were used in this study (in Japanese literature) Most of them only use dust mites to do experiments to do repellent experiments). The test results show that the anti-mite antibacterial fabric has a repellent rate of more than 99% for dust mites, leather mites and mites.

3.2 Determination of antibacterial spectrum:

The results showed that the anti-mite antibacterial finishing can completely kill Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flocculent epidermidis, gypsum-like fungus, Candida albicans, Penicillium, Aspergillus and other harmful bacteria.

3.3 anti-mite anti-bacterial fabric washing resistance: 〗

After washing 50 times, the repellent rate of dust mites, leather mites and mites reached more than 95%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (941748 domestic strain), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (WHOQ6 international standard drug-resistant strain), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6389), Escherichia coli (ATCCC8099), Candida albicans (ATCC10231), Gypsum-like bacterium, flocculent epidermis The antibacterial fabrics of the bacterium, the red rot fungus, the black bud mutant (ATCC9372), etc., which have not been washed and washed 30 times, 50 times, 100 times, do not grow at all, and the bacteriostatic rate is over 99%. The antibacterial finishing cloth has excellent washing resistance.

3.4 Anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent toxicity test

(1) Acute toxicity of anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent; taking 4% anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent application solution for 40% of Kunming standard standard white mice with fasting for 16 hours, oral drip, anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent dosage up to 10000mg /kg. Animals and poisoning performance were observed every day. The experiment was completed in seven days. The experimental animals in each group did not show any poisoning performance during the whole experiment. The diet and exercise were normal, and none of the animals died. According to the acute toxicity grading standard, the antibacterial finishing agent application liquid is an actual non-toxic substance.

(2) Skin irritation: The hairs on both sides of the spine of 10 Japanese large ear standard test rabbits were respectively cut off, and the gauze of 4% anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent application liquid was applied to the exposed skin on the right side. After 24 hours, the skin at the application site was observed, and no irritation such as erythema and edema occurred. According to the skin irritation intensity classification standard, the antibacterial finishing application liquid was non-irritating to the skin.

(3) Eye irritation: 4% anti-mite antibacterial finishing agent application solution, directly drip into the right eye of the Japanese large ear standard experimental rabbit, the left eye as a control, passively closed for 5 seconds, and then rinsed with physiological saline, After 24 hours, there was no abnormality in the eyes. According to the eye irritation intensity grading standard, the anti-caries antibacterial application liquid has no irritating substances to the eyes.

3.5 clinical application results: 〗

Anti-mite antibacterial finishing underwear through the femoral hernia, eczema, gonorrhea, vaginitis, genital itching and other patients showed that it has obvious effects on alleviating the symptoms of the disease, and is comfortable to wear.

Anti-mite antibacterial finishing sheets were used in the ward for 3-7 days, no aphids were found, bacterial culture was carried out, no bacteria grew, and the patient was not infected.

We also sent anti-mite antibacterial finishing underwear socks to different jobs. The gays and lesbians of various ages have tried for more than one year. It is generally reflected that there is no obvious skin irritation and no skin allergies in preventing sweat odor and skin itching. No aphids were found in the microscopic examination.

4. Conclusion: 〗

The fabric after anti-mite antibacterial finishing is non-toxic, has no allergic reaction to the skin, and has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency anti-mite and anti-bacterial properties. The repellent rate of dust mites, leather mites and mites is more than 99%, the repellent rate of washing 50 times is more than 92%, and it is efficient for more than 20 kinds of harmful bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae (WHOQ6 international standard drug-resistant strain). The inhibitory ability, the antibacterial rate is still more than 99% after washing 100 times, can effectively prevent gonorrhea, conjunctivitis and other infectious diseases and skin diseases such as athlete's foot, and prevent obvious sweat odor, foot odor, skin phlegm and asthma. effect.