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[This site - shoes and life] regardless of the left and right foot, the tip can be hidden knife, leather shoes after the Opium War in China ... ...
From a cultural perspective, shoes were once an important part of human costume culture. It has made great contributions to promoting the reform and development of human costumes. It not only focuses on practicality, but also has the function of aesthetic decoration. Some shoes not only represent the standard of the grade and etiquette, but also deeply reflect the good wishes of people in the past and have a strong cultural connotation.
From the point of view of production process, shoes itself is a work of art, with high cultural value, historical value and artistic value. It is closely related to folklore, technology, aesthetics, archaeology and other disciplines. It is a country, a National material civilization and spiritual civilization. How did Chinese shoes evolve from “skin hides, socks, hibiscus, and foot wraps? To today’s shoes and sneakers of different colors? Cheung Kong Daily’s reporter sorted out everything for you, from the simple to the complex, to the rough. Fine Chinese shoe history.
Modern favorites
leather shoes
In the Paleolithic era, shoes were initially stripped of hides and skins wrapped in feet. After development, the “skin hides†gradually evolved into “sale†shoes.
From simple “skin hides†to “sell†shoes, this process has been going on for more than tens of thousands of years, until Bone Acupuncture, the earliest human sewing tool, created important technical conditions for sewing “leather shoesâ€. "Skinskin socks" could be developed into "smell" shoes. Chinese bone needles first appeared in the late Paleolithic era. At that time, humans already knew how to dry the muscles on animals and obtain an animal muscle fiber after being beaten. It is with the bone needle and fiber thread that a kind of "sewn leather shoes" that is more advanced than the "skin hide socks" emerged. However, this “shoes†is not a leather shoe. Although the leather shoes in modern China were made of leather, they cannot be called real leather shoes. The real leather shoe technology was introduced to China after the Opium War.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Little Charles Goodyear in the United States invented the machine for stitching the upper and the sole, and all the shoes in the world were handmade. At this time, the leather shoe technology ushered in a revolution in technology. After that, leather shoes began to spread in Europe and the United States. Modern leather shoes began to spread to China after the Opium War. At that time, there was a superb shoe shoemaker Shen Binggen, originally designed to wear leather spiked shoes in the rain, and later foreign shoes entered Shanghai, Shen and repair shoes business. During this period, he carefully studied the styles of foreign leather shoes, simulated foot patterns, and cut his own head to make the first pair of leather shoes. Afterwards, Shen and his self-financing set up a leather shoe workshop in Yong'an Street, Shanghai, and studied the techniques used by various countries to manufacture modern leather shoes.
The originator of high heels
Muddy
Although there is no clear record of who was invented in the history books, there is a legend about the clogs that can be exploited by the world: during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty sons were exiled and exiled for nineteen years. After suffering from hunger and cold, some Tian Zhong ears because of a few days did not advance into rice, dying dying, at the moment meson push resolutely cut a piece of his thigh meat, temporary emergency save the heavy ear of life. Later, with the assistance of Qin Wang, Qin Zhong regained the status of the king in the Kingdom of Jin, and forgot to push the followers. When he regains his suspicion, the meson has retired and re-emerged in order to repay his debts. He personally went to Mianshan and asked me to launch the mountain. Because mesons do not want to come to life, re-emergent helpless had to set fire to the mountain and force meson to launch the mountain. Unexpectedly, this fire pushed the meson to burn and weighed heavily on the ear. He was ordered to cut down the roots that had not been burned down and made a pair of wooden clogs. He wore a cry from time to time under the solemn foot. Since then, the world has been circulated to open wooden gongs. The term "foot-to-be" has become a new name for people's respect.
Wooden clogs are collectively known as wooden shoes. Generally no upper, only with a rope tied to the feet. Two high-heeled shoes were installed before and after the wooden shoes. In ancient times, the high-heeled shoes on the wooden beam were called "tooth". People originally invented the raft in order to facilitate walking in the wet mud or snow and ice of the aquatic plant. Because the materials used to make rafts are not difficult to obtain, they have been popular for generations. There are arguments that the emergence of high-heeled clogs on wooden gave birth to high-heeled shoes that modern women love.
According to the book "Liu Shu Wudi", Liu Yu of the Song Wudi was an expert in making caskets. After winning the country, he did not forget his old business. He often wore a toothpick on his feet. The hibiscus evolved from toothed hibiscus to a flat-bottomed rake with two teeth removed, much like the wooden slippers still visible in the south today.
The history of shoes
Jinlian
Women's foot-binding shoes that have been popular in China for more than a thousand years—the three-inch golden lotus is the most unique footwear culture in the history of mankind. The custom of “sliding the foot†is also a great spectacle in the history of the world’s shoes. The last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Houzhu, loved music and beauty. He ordered the maiden-in-law to wrap her feet with a pipa cloth so that her legs were bent like crescents and danced on a six-foot-tall lotus platform. Waves and foot bindings are named "Jinlian".
The three-inch Jinlian word originally refers to female feet that are forcibly wrapped and bound to three inches or so. However, because the feet and shoes are indistinguishable from each other, the feet of the world are also called Jinlian. Later, according to the characteristics of shoe-shaped, it is divided into more than 30 types such as “Goose's head lotus†and “Liu Ye Jinlianâ€.
The trend of women's foot-binding was reached during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty opposed the binding of Han women, and during the three years of Emperor Kangxi's reign, Emperor Kangxi was forbidden. The offenders asked their parents for guilt. However, this ban was forced to be revoked only after it was promulgated for four years. Not only that, banner women also started to perform their duties. The imperial edict of the Emperor Shunzhi who had issued the “Walking with a foot-binding woman†has not worked.
The status of the ancient women was low. From dating to the bridal chamber, the man pursued a pair of slender feet. When the man chose the woman, she saw that she could not see her feet and she could not see the shoes. The size and exquisiteness of the foot-binding shoes have become an important symbol for women's ingenuity and beauty, as well as the aesthetic standard for women to marry and get married. This cruel "beautiful work" stems from the social status of women subordinate to men. This social ethos drives women at the time to be proud of having a pair of golden lotus feet.
The three ancient shoe crafts have been circulating so far
The rationalization and reversal (or anti-upgrade) of the help-separation and help-face design are the three major techniques used in ancient shoes.
Helping to divide the parts, in the history of Chinese shoes has epoch-making significance, that is, the shoes began to be divided into two parts: soles and uppers. The earliest instance was unearthed in Loulan, Xinjiang, where it slept for about 4000 years under the great desert. The Loulan leather boots are worn on the feet of a dead body known as "Sleeping Beauty". The whole pair of boots is composed of two parts of the boots and soles. It is completely out of the state of the original shoe wrapped in the foot with a piece of animal skin, basically in line with the requirements of the today's help bottom.
The ancients made the leather shoes look beautiful through the helper design. A pair of leather shoes unearthed in Changsha during the Spring and Autumn Period in Changsha, Hunan Province, has been used for more than 2,000 years. The sole is obviously a leather that is much harder than the helper. The upper consists of three leather parts: the front cover and the front cover. It is the front tip, and the third is the rear tail, which is carefully stitched together. This not only lays the foundation for the design of the Liuhe (leather) boots that have been used in the history of China in the past, but it has been circulating so far.
The Western Han boots unearthed in Xinjiang were once considered to be one of the earliest representatives of the level of anti-smashing craftsmanship. This craft is still one of the shoemaking methods.
The ancients wear shoes no matter left or right
In ancient times, shoes were worn regardless of whether they were made of soft materials, such as sandals or bast shoes, even if they were treated with animal skins. Moreover, the shoes worn in ancient times were relatively loose, and their sizes were relatively large. The shoes did not speak the size but only the shoe size. Although the shoes are not divided, but the ancients bought shoes or talk about. When you try on shoes, you usually extend your left foot first, as long as you can wear your left foot and you do not need to try your right foot. Because, people's left foot is generally slightly longer than the right foot.
In ancient times, regardless of the left and right shoes, also known as "foot shoes", also known as "straight shoes." There is another reason why the ancients are left and right. In their opinion, the two shoes must be exactly the same. Two different shoes are considered unclean, and only the common people wear them. This is different from the fashion of today's young people who wear two different colors of shoes. The ancient shoes are of different grades. For example, during the period of the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the colors of shoes worn were strictly regulated. The Northern Wei Wei Xiaowen, who had a profound influence on ancient Chinese costume culture, once prescribed in the “service system reform†that the color of footwear “has no green, blue, and white in the work of the soldiers; the servants are not too red and green, and the prisoners ask cut". For traders who do business, the court of the Western Jin Dynasty stipulated that all cities must wear white shoes and black shoes.
Women use "shoes" to prevent wolves
Ancient men's shoes and women's shoes are tilting heads, once in the "male and female round" to do the difference. Shoe warp design has emerged as early as ancient times, and there have been revolutionary positions in the Han dynasty. The design of disagreement is called "different behavior." The Han Tomb of Mawangdui No. 1 in Changsha, Hunan, and the Han Tomb of No. 168, Fenghuang Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei Province, have all unearthed dilemma. Since then, even shoes with ramie texture will be designed with high head shoes. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the style of women's shoes changed mainly on the toes, either round or square or pointed, or divided into several flaps, or increased to several layers, but all of them were high-headed shoes.
The design of the shoes is quite particular. For example, the high-end shoes are high-headed, white cloth is used as the shoes, the blue cloth is made high, and the top of the shoe is taken from the clouds. The blue cloth is used as the left and right shelves. Each side is crossed by six and symbolizes December. . Even after the Five Dynasties saw the "three-inch golden lotus", that is, the pointed little shoes worn by the foot-bearing women, they did not give up their shoes. Why do the ancients care about shoes? There are a lot of roads inside. First of all, the soles of the shoes are integrated with the soles, so that the soles and the uppers should not be cracked and wearable. Moreover, the ancients wear more robes and the shoes can hold the skirts and will not step on the soles and fall. In fact, the Shoe Shoe design also includes the good wishes of the ancients and put on the high shoes on the tip of the shoe, meaning "step by step (002251, stocks) up." What's more, the design of shoes and the architectural design of the upturned roof are a concept that makes shoes light and styles prominent.
The secret of shoe warping is not limited to this. It also has the consideration of self-defense and self-defense. In the past, Miao women in Guizhou often hidden their blades in their shoes. When encountering sexual assault, this blade is the secret to defeating satyr and protecting chasteness.
Ming pointed bow shoes
Wooden clogs are collectively known as wooden shoes. Generally no upper, only with a rope tied to the feet. In ancient times, the high-heeled spur was referred to as "tooth", so it was also referred to as gingiva. There are arguments that the emergence of high-heeled clogs on wooden gave birth to high-heeled shoes that modern women love. (This site - the most authoritative and most professional footwear information center. Media cooperation: Cardiole crocodile shoes Bao Manni shoes)
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