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Due to the high value of jewellery and the extremely easy to imitate nature, it is also the most prone to falsehood. It takes a long time to accumulate the true and false gems accurately and without mistake. Because it is only by eye to see the hand, it is difficult to identify without certain experience.
To identify true and false gems, you must first understand a little gems, especially the characteristics of some common gems, such as diamonds, pearls, emeralds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires.
Since these gemstones often have counterfeit goods, it is only after these knowledge is prepared that the practice of screening gemstones can be carried out. In the past, there were many soil methods for identifying authentic gems, such as using water drops to see if they slipped; using tongues to test materials to cool and warm; These methods have certain merits, but with the advancement of science and the improvement of technology, some counterfeit goods have reached the point of chaos. It is difficult to identify these methods. If you want to simply identify the authenticity of the gemstone, you can use this method: use glass to mark the material to be identified. If there is no imprint or the mark is very shallow, it means that there is a certain hardness; Heavy, then it meets the two basic characteristics of the gem, that is, the quality and weight.
The next step is to observe the color and intrinsic texture of the material. The color is a bit flawed, and there are microbubbles or sputum. This is normal. It conforms to the other two basic characteristics of gems, namely color shift and flaw. Of course, it is not generalized. Although there are few top grades, they can exist after all. In case of such gemstones, it is best to ask experts or modern instruments to measure them. Now, let's introduce some methods for identifying the authenticity of pearls. The identification method of pearl authenticity can start from their color, transparency, surface texture, shape and so on. The color of counterfeit goods is relatively simple, and there are few special pearls of pearls. The color of pearls is slightly darker; the transparency of counterfeit goods is better, while the pearls are worse; the surface texture of counterfeit goods is consistent, and not Natural shape, and the surface of the pearl is different in depth, even with dots, mostly natural. As for the shape, the counterfeit goods are mostly round and well-proportioned, while the pearls are irregularly round and obviously uneven.
Gem identification method
Refractometer
The refractometer can measure the folding rate and birefringence of the gemstone. In the detection of gemstones, refractive index and birefringence are two very important optical constants, which are the main basis for the identification of gemstones.
2. Polarizer
The main purpose of the polarizer is to judge the lightness of the gem material based on the different phenomena of the gemstone under the polarizer. In addition, adding a lens to the polarizer or arranging a glass interference sphere can be used to observe the interferogram of the anisotropic gemstone to determine the axiality of the gemstone.
3. Two-color mirror
Some colored gemstones, when viewed from different directions under transmitted light, show different shades of light or the same color. This pleochroism of the gemstone can be observed with a dichroic mirror. Polychromaticity is also an important feature of colored heterogeneous gemstones.
4. Beam splitter
Many gemstones are colored because they contain certain coloring elements. These coloring elements have their own absorption characteristics. The absorption spectrum of Shibao can be observed with a spectroscope, especially for gemstones with typical absorption spectra, spectroscopes. The results after the test can be used as an important basis for identification.
5. Color filter
The color filter is characterized by simple structure, small instrument, easy to carry, and can observe multiple samples at the same time, and the identification is fast. The earliest and most commonly used Charles filter. Used to detect similar green, blue gemstones and to identify their imitations.
6. UV lamp
There are two main types of gems: fluorescent and phosphorescent. The difference in luminosity of different gemstones can also be used as an auxiliary detection method for identifying gemstones. The fluorescence and phosphorescence characteristics of gemstones can be observed with UV lamps.
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