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What is red, sapphire? Ruby and sapphire are commonly referred to as red and blue gems. In fact, the real ruby ​​and sapphire are sapphire (the corundum is a mineral name), red, The hardness of sapphire is second only to diamond in all minerals in nature. Their chemical composition is alumina (Al2O3). It is colorless when pure. It is red when it contains 0.9%-4% chromium. It is blue when it contains iron and titanium. The shape is trigonal, and the crystal form in nature is often columnar (slightly thin at both ends, slightly thick in the middle) or plate-shaped hexagon, which looks like a barrel; the color is mainly colorless, red and blue. Ruby is mainly dark purple or orange red, sapphire is mainly blue or blue-green, and other colors are green, yellow, pink, brown, etc.; hardness is 9; relative density is 3.99-4.0; due to common polycrystalline twin crystal, Contact with twin crystals, there will be cracking; the whole is transparent to translucent, the gloss shows glass luster to sub-golden luster, ruby ​​has obvious red fluorescence under ultraviolet light, most of sapphire is non-fluorescent; usually red, sapphire
The value of red and sapphire is closely related to the value of red and sapphire. Its gems below half a carat are more common and cheaper. If it is more expensive than one carat, it will be more geometric than 3 carats. The number has risen. If it is more than 10 carats and the quality is very good, it is very rare, worth up to several million dollars. Generally can be divided into the following levels to estimate the value: below 0.5 carats, fine particles, easy to get, used for group setting is very cheap; 0.5-1 carats, small particles, easy to get, can be used as small ring face, cheap; 2 carats, medium grain, generally affordable, can be used as a ring pendant; 2-3 carats, larger grain, higher value, market demand; 3-5 carats, large grain, high value, rare; more than 5 carats, Very large, expensive, very rare. The difference between red and sapphire natural products and synthetic products is that red and sapphire natural products and synthetic products are very different in appearance. First, the growth patterns in the gemstones are observed. The flame melting method is mostly curved, and the natural crystals are formed. It is a straight fold line. Again, observing the inclusions in the gemstone, the flux method synthetic gemstone often contains the melting point of the melting point and the coloring flux residue, which is a "worm-like" under a 20-fold magnifying glass; sometimes there are circular bubbles and Tiny bubbles, sometimes visible hexagonal or triangular platinum pieces that fall off the enamel. The inclusions in natural gemstones are mostly fine rutile crystals or fingerprint-like gas-liquid inclusions; small cracks are also common. The last thing is to observe its color. The color of the synthetic product is too bright and very uniform. It looks a bit dull and glaring, while the natural color is relatively soft. Cutting is also an important factor affecting value. Red and sapphire are also very particular in cutting work, including faceted and plain noodles; the shape is elliptical, round, emerald, pear, olive and mixed. The most popular one is the hybrid shape, which is a wide oval shape. The evaluation of the cut is not as strict as the diamond, and generally does not account for a large part of the value of the gemstone, but if the cut is too bad, it greatly affects its value.
Good cuts pay attention to three points:
1. Cut positioning: Since red and sapphire are anisotropic, they have pleochroism. When cutting, the table should be strictly perpendicular to the long axis, avoiding the influence of pleochroism, so that the finished product can see the purest and saturated color from the table, which is the correct orientation. Otherwise, it will cause color misregistration and be motley due to pleochroism.
2. Proportion and symmetry: Regardless of the type of cutting used by the gemstone, it must meet the requirements of the standard specification, and the symmetry is better and cannot be skewed. Length, width, and thickness ratios and angles are important and must be met, as these standards are designed based on the refractive index of the gemstone and the principle of total reflection of light for best results. If it is thin, it will leak light, the color is light, and the dispersion effect is also poor. In the jargon, there is no "fire head", which is called "fisheye effect". It looks dull and brilliance. If it is cut too thick, it will change color. Dark, also affects the "fire head."
3. Polishing degree: the quality of polishing will affect the luster of the gem. High-quality polishing gives the gem a stronger glow and shines.
4. Starlight effect: For red and sapphire containing three sets of aligned fibrous inclusions, a curved surface cut can produce a starlight effect. The cutting of such gemstones must not only consider the symmetry and proportion, but also select the direction and position so that the starlight of the finished product is in the middle. If the cutting is not good, the value will be reduced if it is skewed.
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