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Thermoplastic pigments are waxy at room temperature and must be heated to be used when printing. For gravure pad printing, the temperature of the plate and filler should be kept at around 60 °C as the ink passes. During the printing process, the filler carries the ink in contact with the cold substrate, and the cooled ink adheres to the surface of the substrate.
Screen printing using thermoplastic pigments generally uses stainless steel wire mesh. During the printing process, the stainless steel wire mesh is electrically heated, and the passed ink is melted and leaked through the mesh to the substrate. When contacted with the cold substrate, the ink is cooled and bonded to the substrate. The key to this process is to control the magnitude of the current, because if the current is too large, the pigment will be overheated or burned out. Glass or ceramic articles printed by gravure pad printing and screen printing methods must be fired in a high temperature furnace to maintain the durability of the decorative pattern.
The advantage of thermoplastic inks is that the same machine can print multi-color patterns, cylindrical glass bottles can print at speeds of up to 100 per minute, and flat glass can be printed at speeds of 600 per hour. The surface is printed on a release coated paper or a polyester substrate, and covered with an active heating adhesive, and the graphic is pressure-transferred onto the surface of the glass and ceramic article by a hot silicon plate. The heated adhesive will firmly bond the pattern to the surface of the article and then fire it in the usual way.
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